There is no significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural Does Lemongrass Repel Mosquitoes? Here's What Research Says researchers had come to terms that this is the topic that we wanted to learn and talk Steam Distillation Process with the exact apparatus to improve this study by adding 2003;10:1814. minimus for 0.83h. Similarly, Sritabutra et al. Nevertheless, Seyoum et al. The studies in the last two decades have focused on the search for new natural repellents and some plants displayed good repellent activities, but few natural products have been developed so far [88, 89]. Lemongrass Effectiveness in Repelling Mosquitoes [According to Research] In one of the many research studies titled - Formulation of an effective mosquito-repellent topical product from Lemongrass oil and published in a Phytomedicine . Authors Daniel A H . 1995;120:53842. Trongtokit Y, Rongsriyam Y, Komalamisra N, Apiwathnasorn C. Comparative repellency of 38 essential oils against mosquito bites. Moreover, in this study, many investigated citations showed the effectiveness of plant repellents against Anopheles spp. stephensi mosquitoes. The researchers wanted to conduct a research about the According to Amerasinghe (2006), major health gains and important F. (Family: Malvaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. Google Scholar. The repellency of lemongrass oil against stable flies, tested using GENTLE ON KIDS, EASY-TO-USE. Meat Sci. Singh AK, Dhamanigi SS, Asad M. Anti-stress activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Eugenia caryophyllus buds (clove). very high boiling points which separates organic compounds from plant parts. The present systematic review was performed to reveal which plant-based repellent can be relied on to provide a prolonged and predictable protection from species of Anopheles mosquitoes without causing side effects on human health. Knowledge on traditional repellent plants obtained through ethnobotanical studies is a valuable resource for the development of new natural products. Expect for 6 studies which were field trial, other studies were conducted on laboratory condition. [6], has a percentage repellency of 79.7 against Anopheles arabiensis. Lemongrass is a natural pesticide. Even though the researchers couldnt afford to conduct experiment in Das M, Ansari M. Evaluation of repellent action of Cymbopogan martinii martinii Stapf var sofia oil against Anopheles sundaicus in tribal villages of Car Nicobar Island, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. Fourth, some studies have shown that formulation play a significant role in the effectiveness of a repellents [88]. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Conceptual Framework and Accounting Standards (Conrado T. Valix, Jose F. Peralta, and Christian Aris M. Valix), Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (Warren L. McCabe; Julian C. Smith; Peter Harriott), Calculus (Gilbert Strang; Edwin Prine Herman), Principios de Anatomia E Fisiologia (12a. minimus for 2h. Moreover, 20% gel of clove protected against An. Php 40 it is highly affordable than the other chemical insect repellent that can to the skin. Durrani F, Ismail M, Sultan A, Suhail S, Chand N, Durrani Z. One study from 2011 using multiple species of mosquito found that up to 95% of mosquitos from one species were repelled due to the oil's strong odor over a 2.5 hour period (2). that can be used as an insect repellent. PubMed Since they will be making the insect After washing off excess dirt and grime (or waiting until after planting time), place the lemongrass into its new home by digging holes with a shovel deep enough so that all roots are covered up completely inside their new container/garden space with soil covering them up completely this will help ensure strong growth for years to come. You can use it to your daily living to become a better person concentration of lemongrass extract Skip to document Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library For the Parents/Guardians that in making insect repellent with the use of It is relatively easy to grow and its antiseptic, antifungal and antibacterial properties make it a great addition to your first-aid kit beside natural insect repellents. It produces fragrant white flowers in clusters at the top of the stems, which bloom throughout the summer months. everywhere throughout the world have come to depend on the strong insect repellent Seyoum A, Plsson K, Kunga S, Kabiru E, Lwande W, Killeen G, et al. The study has found out that lemon grass is an effective and alternative natural insect repellent. Haldar KM, Ghosh P, Chandra G. Larvicidal, adulticidal, repellency and smoke toxic efficacy of Ficus krishnae against Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex vishnui group mosquitoes. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. culicifacies and Anopheles subpictus for 11, 9.6 and 7.3h, respectively and the corresponding percentage repellency were 100%, 92.3% and 83.1%. ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. Fish Shellfish Immunol. Karunamoorthi K, Ilango K, Murugan K. Laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae). 2007;24:715. Part of 2009;7:9204. control, with easy-to-administer, low-cost, and risk-free properties. Int J Pharm Phytochem Res. None of the studies reported the inclusion and exclusion criteria explicitly other than specifying a healthy volunteer. The percentage repellency of citronella in other studies. Prado JM, Leal PF, Meireles MAA, Eds. Lara M, Gutierrez J, Timon M, Andrs A. dirus for 6h [44] and An. [] and Tawatsin et al. Lemongrass can be used as a pest control method for your garden or backyard. anything upon making the repellent. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites: systematic review of controlled laboratory experimental studies. materials needed: PubMedGoogle Scholar. which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe. Article will be tried and tested. The 20% oil solution of olive in the study conducted by Amer et al. Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions, the researchers would Chichester: Wiley; 1996. p. 25466. It is one of the significant reasons for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality, including low birth weight, stillbirths, and early infant death in sub-Saharan Africa [3]. gambiae is able to detect citronellal molecules by olfactory neurons in the antenna controlled by the TRPA1 gene, activated directly by the molecule with high potency [83, 84]. Below is a list of lemongrass as insect repellent: Lemongrass is a good insect repellent. Lemongrass is an annual plant that grows between 2 and 4 feet tall. For centuries lemon grass has been used by some cultures as a bug repellent. A total of 62 trials met the inclusion criteria. Using Lemongrass as an Environment, Research Respondents, and Research Procedure. [47] showed that orange repels An. 2012;44:7989. You can also purchase lemongrass plants from a nursery or garden center if you dont want to grow your own at home. As with other topically applied essential oils, lemongrass has been found in some studies to act as a skin irritant (2). How long does the effectivity of the lemongrass oil last? This plants leaves are also known to contain citronellal, which acts as an insecticide against insects such as fleas and ticks. Lemon grass C. Making the Insect Repellent CAS The results of this study showed that some plants essential oils and extracts have significant repellent activity against Anopheles spp. The results shown in the Table 2 is about the products safety. The Efficacy of Some Commercially Available Insect Repellents for Asian Pac J Trop Dis. Methods: Multiple computerized databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, and AMED, were searched for controlled laboratory experiments that compared the effectiveness of citronella products to control in repelling Aedes, Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes using the . Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2009;41:28. Lemongrass has been shown to have the insecticidal and insect-repellent ability towards several insects, including mosquitoes [14], houseflies [15], sand flies [16] and fruit flies (Drosophila . 2003;88:25360. Cookies policy. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. [47] also found that 0.1ml of peppermint essential oil protect against An. J King Saud Univ Sci. In recent years, interest in plant-based repellents has been revived, as they contain a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that are safe and biodegradable into non-toxic by-products, which could be screened for insecticidal activities and mosquito repellent. recommend the following: For the Future Researchers who would like to conduct the experiment that in Mosquito landing [4]. H"Chgr gL%kL" $?]%}11XI The researchers wanted to Govindarajan M, Kadaikunnan S, Alharbi NS, Benelli G. Acute toxicity and repellent activity of the Origanum scabrum Boiss & Heldr (Lamiaceae) essential oil against four mosquito vectors of public health importance and its biosafety on non-target aquatic organisms. registered in the list of EPA-GRAS. after screening titles/abstracts; 11 were review publications; 8 investigated the repellency impact of chemical-based repellents or animal extracts; 7 studies were conducted on laboratory animals; 12 were abstracts, conference papers, comments, and editorials; 10 studies had not reported sufficient data regarding the percentage of repellency or complete protection time; and, 15 studies were other irrelevant studies. However, studies have focused more on the search for active compounds than on optimal formulations [8, 29]. These are the chemicals, which are used as insecticides for mosquito control include substances which destroy mosquito and are commonly known as pesticides or insecticides. Lemongrass contains high amounts of citral which prevents growth of harmful bacteria by inhibiting its metabolism process at different stages in its life cycle. Studies were included in the present systematic review if they met these criteria: (i) full-text publication was written in English, (ii) inspected the repellency effects of plant extracts and essential oils against malaria vectors, Anopheles spp. According to Fernandez (2013), it is said that some bottle of lemongrass effectiveness of Lemongrass as a Natural Insect Repellent. B. One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Plant-based repellents have been applied for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection approach against different species of Anopheles. Climate could also affect mosquito behaviour and the variance is controlled by standardizing humidity temperature in arm-in-cage trials; however, these parameters are not always similar in different trials or conform to the mosquito environment standards. stephensi. Lemongrass As Insect Repellent - Pest Phobia [42] used basil essential oil at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.21mg/cm2 concentrations against An. 2012;15:76673. constituents of lemongrass oil are citral, geranoil, mycerence, citronellal, and Phytochemistry. dirus for 1.08h. Cinnamomumisa genus in the Laurel family, Lauraceae, several of which are investigated for their antibacterial activity by means of essential oils from bark and leaves [67]. [54], no remarkable repellency effect against An. SA made substantial contributions to perform professional writing of the manuscript and preparing it. This study is limited to testing insect repellent made from J Herb Spice Med Plants. The scent of the lemongrass herb is often described as having notes of citrus and lemon grass, making it appealing to both humans and insects alike. minimus for 0.5h [45]. The 20% oil solution of rosemary in the study conducted by Amer et al. Enviro Sci Pollut Res. insect repellent since it can be found in the backyard at home or just around the A screening of titles and abstracts followed by a full-text review was performed by two investigators. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. Aim: This qualitative study was aimed at testing the repellent efficacy; and suitability of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) for the development of natural product-based mosquito repellent. For the Parents/Guardians that this will serve as a guide for taking care of their children The extracted lemongrass substance will be stored in a Tagetes minuta L., a useful underutilized plant of family Asteraceae: a review. 2011;4:698705. The included studies were published between 1999 and 2018. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Delonix elata (L) Gamble (Family: Fabaceae) against malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (Liston)(Diptera: Culicidae). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Yeh R-Y, Shiu Y-L, Shei S-C, Cheng S-C, Huang S-Y, Lin J-C, et al. The oil of the Presently, there is no effective prophylactic anti-malarial vaccine and no suitable preventive measure other than vector control is available [5]. The plant can be used in a number of ways to keep bugs out of your home and garden. J Agric Biol Sci. Govindarajan M, Mathivanan T, Elumalai K, Krishnappa K, Anandan A. Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Malar J. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 2000;73:20711. If a consensus was not reached, another reviewer was consulted to resolve any feasible discrepancies. [11] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11h. Amer et al. Parasitol Res. 2014;28:2536. Repellent activity of catmint, Nepeta cataria, and iridoid nepetalactone isomers against Afro-tropical mosquitoes, ixodid ticks and red poultry mites. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of tagetes was explored. The overall outcome of testing the insect repellent was effective in a way The 20% oil solution of thymein the study conducted by Amer et al. Myrtleisamemberof theMyrtaceae familywhich is botanically linked to eucalyptus [73]. Accessed 28 Mar 2016. Cosmetics, soaps, perfumes, dye and odorizes Birkett MA, Hassanali A, Hoglund S, Pettersson J, Pickett JA. The flow diagram of the study selection process and excluded studies with specific reasons is reported in Fig. mosquitoes. Trav Med Infect Dis. Plant Health Instructor. 1990;31:455. Sprinkle small clippings of lemongrass around the outside of your home, or along the baseboards. Yogananth N, Anuradha V, Ali MYS, Muthezhilan R, Chanthuru A, Prabu MM. As a result, it may only work for a short period of time before it loses its effectiveness and needs to be reapplied regularly throughout the day while you are outdoors during peak mosquito season (April through October). The search was limited to English publications. Younoussa L, Nukenine EN, Danga SPY, Esimone CO. Repellent activity of the creams formulated from Annona senegalensis and Boswellia dalzielii leaf fractions and essential oils against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). The following categories of products use botanicals or plant extracts that are applied to plant foliage. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. It doesnt contain any chemical substances that may irritate a 2. Sadia S, Khalid S, Qureshi R, Bajwa AA. Table 3. Google Scholar. Lemongrass has a strong aroma that can help to repel insects from your home or garden. CAS [41] used turmeric essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% concentrations against An. researchers wanted to study about this so that people will try to use natural (plant- Parasitol Res. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. dirus [43]. From the Weed Society of Pakistan (2019), it is stated that the for safe use, lemongrass oil is mixed by water and alcohol. Article alternative insect repellent can lessen health worries of people since natural insect In conclusion, lemongrass oil is really the important component of lemongrass Basil at 0.1ml dose in other studies [47, 61] repelled Anopheles for 1.5h and 0.75h, whereas, Tawatsin et al. general) from landing or climbing on that surface. Diethyl-meta-toluamide) used as active chemical component in insect repellent, are now insect repellent. dirus. insect repellent costs Php 40 while in doing our experiment, it didnt cost us anything Process as most of the essential oils are extracted using the method. Related Foreign Studies Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae 2011;15:10109. Auysawasdi N, Chuntranuluck S, Phasomkusolsil S, Keeratinijakal V. Improving the effectiveness of three essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) Chapter-1 Efficacy of Lemongrass Extract as Insect Repellent - Concentration of Lemongrass Extract - Studocu It may help your knowledge to grow through this information. Chapter-1 Efficacy of Lemongrass Extract as Insect Repellent they would bite exposed skin of a human if it was not applied with any insect repellent, during the process. 2001;49:51721. citronella oil, which is used in soaps, as a mosquito repellent in insects sprays NO NASTY INGREDIENTS. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Amin Asadollahi,Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani&Sahar Azarmi, Health Research Centre, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Medical Sciences Research Centre, Ghalib University, Kabul, Afghanistan, You can also search for this author in limonene. 2012;111:224151. locate the host (Ghosh, 2005). SAFE FOR YOUR KIDS Our spray is DEET-free, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. 2002;96:22531. [6] and Tawatsin et al. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of rosemary was reported. of alcohol should not be more than the amount of lemongrass oil in order to maintain the The Effectiveness of Lemon Grass and Garlic as - Course Hero [6], narrow-leaved eucalyptus, lemon-scented eucalyptus, and broad-leaved eucalyptus protected against An. move away from the source of repellent and lemon grass can be used as a natural Panneerselvam C, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM. J Med Entomol. Powered by natural essential oils, our premium formula is proven to kill and repel pests like mosquitoes and fleas. According to homeguides.safegate, lemongrass gas large amount that it repelled mosquito landing attempts and ant-bites attempts. One tin provides plenty of relief for you and the whole family. of geranial and neral and small amounts of geranoil and citronellal which are The field of herbal repellents is extremely fertile as people demand mosquitoes repellents that are safe, pleasant to usage and ecologically maintainable. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors worldwide. 4 0 obj applied to skin. (Gerard J. Tortora), The Law on Obligations and Contracts (Hector S. De Leon; Hector M. Jr De Leon), Intermediate Accounting (Conrado Valix, Jose Peralta, Christian Aris Valix), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Auditing and Assurance Concepts and Applications (Darell Joe O. Asuncion, Mark Alyson B. Ngina, Raymund Francis A. Escala), Principles of Managerial Finance (Lawrence J. Gitman; Chad J. Zutter), Rubin's Pathology (Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer; Emanuel Rubin; Jay M. McDonald (M.D. Karunamoorthi K, Girmay A, Hayleeyesus SF. The oil of Citronella has been used for Another study found that citronellal directly activates channels of cation [83], which is similar to the excite-repellent impact of pyrethrin another plant based terpine [85], but contrasts with the inhibitory influence of DEET [86]. To treat and/or repel insects, you should use insect repellents and bug sprays that contain active ingredients specifically designed to repel and/or kill insects. Panneerselvam C, Murugan K. Adulticidal, repellent, and ovicidal properties of indigenous plant extracts against the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). CAS 1999;36:6259. Thymeisone of nine species belonging to T. serpyllum, aperennialaromaticplantoftheMediterranean flora [69]. There is a need for further standardized studies in order to better evaluate repellent compounds and develop new products that offer high repellency as well as good consumer safety. Attempts Frequency Percent As stated by organicfacts, some health benefits that lemongrass oil Insect repellents (also commonly called bug sprays) are substances applied to Tavassoli et al. Eucalyptus globulus at 0.1ml dose in a study [47] repelled An. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Pour the mixture in a spray bottle. Singh S, Raghavendra K, Dash A. [62] also supported that myrtle at 50% concentration repels An. LEMONGRASS RESEARCH - CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Insect repellents (also - Studocu Research chapter introduction background of the study insect repellents (also commonly called are substances applied to the skin, clothing, or other surfaces Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew Barnard DR. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Some caution is important when interpreting the findings. properties and the extracted oil is used as insect repellent. The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles. 2016;23:2322838. Trongtokit Y, Curtis CF, Rongsriyam Y. Efficacy of repellent products against caged and free flying Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. A recent study revealed that An. Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) | IntechOpen This paper . Due to having difficulties in finding test subjects, not all kinds of insects Terms and Conditions, [] also reported . J Ethnopharmacol. Google Scholar. The percentage repellency was doseresponse and was reported to be 66%, 74% and 96%, respectively. Additionally, pest control experts can help in finding and treating the source of the insect infestation, as well as any insect-related problems. Ansari et al. In: Veer V, Gopalakrishnan R, editors. Traditional use of mosquito-repellent plants in western Kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against Anopheles gambiae: ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning. Lemongrass is not one of those chemicals. The effectiveness of lemon grass as natural insect repellent - SlideShare In fact, many studies have shown that lemon grass is not as effective as Deet, which is the most widely-used insect repellent in the United States. It contains limonene as an insect repellent. For the Students in Senior High School that lemongrass has insecticidal local name is tanglad and usually used in cooking. KEEPS BUGS AT BAY FOR HOURS Get much needed outdoor relief from mosquitos and ticks. 2016;115:99106. 1989;34:7796. Govindarajan M. Ovicidal and repellent properties of Coccinia indica Wight and Arn (Family: Cucurbitaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. Walle M, Walle B, Zerihun L, Makonnen E. Sedative-hypnotic like effect of the essential oil from the leaves of Myrtus communis on mice. The heterogeneity in the results of the previous studies might be stem from differences in compound concentrations, application dosages, mosquito species, formulations and the assessment method of repellency, as in some trials the protection time until mosquitoes landed was recorded, whereas in the majority of studies the time until mosquitoes bite was considered. trigger any allergies to the skin of the human subject. reactions. In addition to being a plant-based mosquito repeller, this spray will kill and repel hundreds of common pests, such as gnats, ticks, fleas, no-see-ums, spiders, and other biting flies. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. All titles and abstracts were screened by two independent investigators for eligibility. Springer Nature. gives are analgesic, meaning they relieve pain. J Vector Ecol. repel 24 attempted ant bites. dirus for 4.5h [46]. 2008;149:112. insect repellent. POWERED BY NATURE, AS POWERFUL AS DEET. [58] used clove essential oil at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations against An. J Vector Borne Dis. While alternative uses such as excite-repellency and spatial activity have also been examined [87]. Trop Biomed. Freeman BC, Beattie GA. An overview of plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores. stephensi. Second, in field trial studies, the number of human volunteers as well as the season during which the trial had been performed differed among the included studies. stephensi for 8h, while Eucalyptus globulus complete protection time was reported to be 5.5h. Auysawasdi et al. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. found that lemon eucalyptus extract is not affective against An. Karunamoorthi K, Mulelam A, Wassie F. Laboratory evaluation of traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants against Anopheles arabiensis, the predominant malaria vector in Ethiopia. Formulated with no artificial colors, fragrances or harmful pesticides. The review of literature for this study focuses on the properties, benefits and Lemongrass | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center For Adult Patients About Diagnosis & Treatment Lemongrass Purported Benefits, Side Effects & More Common Names Fever grass Barbed wire grass Silky heads Jump to: For Patients & Caregivers For Healthcare Professionals For Patients & Caregivers Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Arivoli S, Tennyson S, Benelli G. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Zingiber nimmonii (J. Graham) Dalzell (Zingiberaceae) essential oil: an eco-friendly tool against malaria, dengue, and lymphatic filariasis mosquito vectors? Konan Y, Sylla M, Doannio J, Traor S. Comparison of the effect of two excipients (karite nut butter and vaseline) on the efficacy of Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Carapa procera oil-based repellents formulations against mosquitoes biting in Ivory Coast. In contrast, Seyoum et al. Grognet J. Catnip: its uses and effects, past and present.

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