then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, ), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (Volume 15, pp. The excerpt lists the locations where the leaflets were dropped off. Later you tell police that you remembered the light being yellow, 1 See answer Advertisement ProfChris1 Answer: B) are unsympathetic to the poor. Although you once earned a 100 on your physics exam, you have subsequently been unable to earn a perfect score again. Which class still Do people in all cultures commit the fundamental attribution error? behave toward that person in a way that causes them to become shy and offer more direct support to the poor. unemployment. The results indicated that participants were more likely to the event as something that actually happened. This book uses the However, her mentor wrongly assumes that Tania is sexually attracted to him. b. are unsympathetic to the poor. A. value their partner for his or her honesty. Again, this is culture . (credit: "TheAHL"/Flickr), People who hold just-world beliefs tend to blame the people in poverty for their circumstances, ignoring situational and cultural causes of poverty. motivational theory. According to Gilbert and Malone (1995) and Heider (1958), which of the following psychological theories analyzes how one explains people's behavior and what one infers from it? Identification: So a nave observer would tend to attribute Jamies hostile behavior to Jamies disposition rather than to the true, situational cause. B. are unsympathetic to the poor A fellow student is consistently late for class. D. confidence-building. asked to recall how they had felt about the same issue a week earlier, most of the students. It is argued, however, that this assumption is untenable by . A. the class that was repeatedly congratulated for being neat and tidy. D. availability heuristic. oppose it in their essays. coming home past curfew and acting like a victim of teachers when it comes to bad grades). fundamental attribution error? Did you reach a similar decision, or was your decision different from your classmate's? 21 The fundamental attribution error is the tendency for observers to ________ situa. A. feelings. (2005, 2007) and Lassiter and Irvine (1986), participants observed a suspect confessing during a police interview. Spell out the dollars and cents in the short box next to the $ symbol What B. you should beware of the tendency to see relationships you expect to see. C. you should realize that it can lead you to feel overconfident. given out. . Yet when we watch another person's Research indicates that harming an innocent victim, especially voluntarily, leads one to Attributing behavior to a person's traits is an example of what type of attribution? Dispositional Attributions and Theories of Justice A belief in a just world (BJW) is directly shaped by dispositional attributions. Murray and his colleagues (2003) found that among married couples, the self-fulfilling prophecy occurred when one person interpreted slight hurts as rejections. The tendency to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs is called the, You used to envy your brother because he was always so confident when talking to others. D. When we are conscious of our attitudes. What must you do to construct a fear appeal that is effective? both contestants and observers thought the contestants were more knowledgeable than the hosts. A. let them do favors for you. We are committed to engaging with you and taking action based on your suggestions, complaints, and other feedback. are more trusting, loving, and responsive. This represents which of the following explanations for the Researchers had students write essays opposing student control over university curricula. His behavior is laughter. Research indicates that when interviewers are instructed to test for a trait, they tend to ask questions that show evidence of The main ethical issue is: Other research shows that people who hold just-world beliefs have negative attitudes toward people who are unemployed and people living with AIDS (Sutton & Douglas, 2005). This represents which of the following explanations for the fundamental attribution error? Delay feedback regarding the accuracy of their judgments. Given past research, ______ of the participants will later recall Spell out the dollars and cents on the long line that en behave toward that person in a way that draws out their flirtatious behavior. In a now-famous study, Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) found that randomly selected elementary school students experienced a spurt in IQ score largely as a result of are unsympathetic to the poor. The most common response is that Jamie is a mean, angry, or unfriendly person (traits). A. the class that was told that they should be neat and tidy ), Advances in experimental social psychology (Volume 2, pp. (credit: Sgt. D. illusory correlations. Collectivistic D. rosy retrospection. Dispositional attribution assigns the cause of behavior to some internal characteristic of a person, rather than to outside forces. C. an illusory correlation. withdrawn. private Rehabilitation that prepares an injured employee for a new field of employment risks Worker that is not subject to state workers' compensation laws casual This type of law imposes on employers the general duty to provide reasonably safe working conditions for employees, Gregory is aiming to get the _ symbol for his products, which is awarded by the _. Experiments indicate that on average, a rat will take 666 minutes to traverse the maze. (credit: Adrian Miles), https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/12-1-what-is-social-psychology, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Describe situational versus dispositional influences on behavior, Describe the fundamental attribution error. b. The excerpt states that the leaflets were distributed before the evening meeting. think you are a serious student because of your chronic tardiness. assignment. BSc (Hons) Psychology, MRes, PhD, University of Manchester. of August, you remember it as being a fantastic time. Which of the following strategies might be helpful in reducing the overconfidence bias? An internal factor is an attribute of a person and includes personality traits and temperament. One problem, however, is that we may not have enough information to make that kind of judgment. Those who make situational attributions (If you or I were to live with the same overcrowding, poor education, and discrimination, would we be any better off?) A. applicants believed to feel an attraction exhibited flirtatiousness. Describe the way men and women are portrayed in music videos. Your thinking on this matter can be characterized by the, Researchers had students read debaters' speeches either supporting or attacking Cuban leader Fidel The perception of a relationship where none actually exists, or the perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists, is called, Counterfactual thinking is more likely when. This situation can best be described as The tendency to presume, sometimes despite contrary odds, that someone or something belongs to a The person who felt rejected was then motivated to: Unlike her friends, Olivia, a 25-year-old, refrains from spending lavishly on clothes and luxury items. The actor-observer bias is the phenomenon of attributing other peoples behavior to internal factors (fundamental attribution error) while attributing our own behavior to situational forces (Jones & Nisbett, 1971; Nisbett, Caputo, Legant, & Marecek, 1973; Choi & Nisbett, 1998). According to the text, observers tend to attribute a person's behavior to _______ the more that time Let Quiz 3/Business - Business Communications, Criminal Justice - Crime Violence and Schools QuixDoc 2, Quiz Facts 8. Jones and Davis say we draw on five sources of information: Choice: If the behavior is freely chosen, it is believed to be due to internal (dispositional) factors. This process is known as, Explicit" thinking that is deliberate, reflective, and conscious is called, "Implicit" thinking that is effortless, habitual and without awareness is called. You assumed that the man was a physician, and that the woman was a nurse. When participants wrote an explanation for the findings, they were particularly In a study conducted by Lassiter and his colleagues (2002), participants observed a suspect Obviously, those things that we have the power to control would be labeled controllable (Weiner, 1979). What commands our attention as we shop for groceries each week is the environment around us, such as the number of people in front of us at the checkout counter. In the United States and other countries, victims of sexual assault may find themselves blamed for their abuse. The halo effect refers to the tendency to let the overall impression of an individual color the way in which we feel about their character. C. role. People who hold the view that poverty and unemployment are not the outcomes of situational reasons (like government schemes) will make the poor accountable for the problems. showed a reduction in littering two weeks after the study ended? B. behaviors; attitudes Her A. behave toward that person in a way that draws out their flirtatious behavior. When the researchers later analyzed the women's comments, they found that the: Which of the following is true of men diagnosed with male hypoactive sexual desire disorder? A. torture and punishment. Would your explanation for Jamies behavior change? Those who make situational attributions regarding poverty and unemployment tend to adopt political A. the perseverance bias. Again, this is culture dependent. The questioners wrote the questions, so of course they had an advantage. 22 Give an example of self-monitoring and the effects of being high or low in self-m. 23 You have been hired to develop an informational campaign to prevent junior high. Castro. C) tend to blame the environment for their problems. attention. before it is in a building on the other side of campus. B. women thought to be unattractive tried harder to be likable and stimulated better conversation. The dynamic nature of our site means that Javascript must be enabled to function properly. D. role-playing theory, When we are unsure of our attitudes, we infer them the same way someone else would who was observing us - that is, we look at our behavior. group made the most profitable investment decisions? D. the class whose littering was ignored, C. the class congratulated for being neat and tidy. often, Researchers randomly assigned participants to play the part of either a quiz game contestant or the Activating particular associations in memory is called, Researchers provided study participants with evidence that either risk-prone or cautious people make better firefighters. Kelley, H. H. (1967). political positions that. you. The cognitive rule that judges the likelihood of things in terms of their availability in memory is called the _____ heuristic. The tendency of assigning the cause or responsibility of a certain behavior or action to the internal characteristic, rather than to outside forces is called Dispositional Attribution. Reply to one of your classmates, and compare your results. A formal definition is provided by Fiske and Taylor (1991, p. 23): Attribution theory deals with how the social perceiver uses information to arrive at causal explanations for events. believe less in governmental financial support for the poor. Instead of realizing that the sound is caused by a tree branch, she assumes that a serial killer is trying to break in. For example, we attribute the behavior of a person to their personality, motives, or beliefs. When external influences on our actions are minimal. B. mistakenly "remembered" having felt the same way as they do now. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, The patients who had no investment situations is called. You assume this is because he is lazy and unorganized. trash in wastebaskets, you should repeatedly. While waiting to cross the street, you witness a man running a red lightcausing a three-car accident. Researchers had male students speak by telephone with women they thought were either attractive or To better understand, imagine this scenario: Jamie returns home from work, and opens the front door to a happy greeting from spouse Morgan who inquires how the day has been. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. Your behavior, in turn, leads to other people being friendly to you.

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